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The overtopping failure that occurred to the reinforced tailings dam has led to devastating catastrophes, including severe environmental disasters as well as tragedy in terms of any loss of properties and life. To study the feature of overtopping erosion for the reinforced fine-grained tailings dam induced by mud-water mixture overflow, the red mud …
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Introduction. Bauxite residue, or red mud, is a solid waste produced from the alumina refining of bauxite ore. Red mud is mostly collected from the Bayer process which uses sodium hydroxide to dissolve the aluminium silicate. Typically, about 1 to 1.5 tonnes of red mud remains from the production of 1 t of alumina (Zhang et al., 2011).
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Red mud is a mineral residue resulting from the caustic digestion of bauxite ore in the Bayer process to produce alumina. ... After 1 and 2h of sedimentation, samples were taken from the overflow for turbidity analysis with …
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Red mud is a solid waste that is generated during the Bayer process of producing alumina. 1,2 Approximately 1.5 tons of red mud are generated per ton of obtained alumina. 3,4,5 Because of its high alkalinity (pH 9.7–12.8), ultra-fine size (less than 100 μm), and elevated salinity, red mud is considered as a hazardous waste. 6,7 Moreover, it is …
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Abstract. Red mud is the bauxite residue generated from aluminum industries, and due to its low utilization rate, a large volume of red mud in slurry form is stored. The high alkalinity (pH > 11 ...
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of nature. Red mud could be one of the potential resource materials for constructing roads, pavements, embankments, or levees, as its geotechnical properties resemble that of conventional soils. Red mud is a slurry waste left behind after extracting alumina from bauxite ore and it is strongly alkaline, with a pH ranging from 10.5 to
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Red mud, also referred to as bauxite residue, is the largest process waste produced during alumina production from bauxite ore by the Bayer method. …
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Red mud is typically seen near mining sites as a byproduct of the Bayer process, a chemical reaction used to extract aluminum compounds from bauxite ores. ... Silt sedimentation from nickel mining ...
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Experimental Research on the Sedimentation of Red Mud under the Condition of Geotextile Filtering. Abstract: Red mud has the characteristics of fine particles, high …
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Flocculation and separation of red mud is an integral part of the Bayer process. Over the latter half of the 20 th century, flocculant technology dramatically changed from natural starches to use of "rationally designed" polymers. Many of these advancements were due to the introduction of liquid or emulsion based flocculants which enabled elaborate post …
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Introduction. Bauxite residue, or red mud, is a solid waste produced from the alumina refining of bauxite ore. Red mud is mostly collected from the Bayer process which uses sodium hydroxide to dissolve the aluminium silicate. Typically, about 1 to 1.5 tonnes of red mud remains from the production of 1 t of alumina ( Zhang et al., 2011 ).
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The alkaline constituents in the red mud impose severe and alarming environmental problems, such as soil and air pollution. Keeping in view sustainable re-vegetation and residue management, neutralization/treatment of red mud using different techniques is the only alternative to make the bauxite residue environmentally benign.
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a Upper flood zone (12,000 km 2), area that historically experienced fluvial floods; (b) lower flood zone (7000 km 2), area which modern floods are shifting towards; (c) low-elevation splay (1500 ...
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Red mud has the characteristics of fine particles, high viscosity, and slow settling speed, which will reduce the service life of the tailings dam. Drainage filter layer in the tailings pond can accelerate the consolidation of red mud drainage, ensure the stable operation of the tailings pond and increase the storage capacity utilization rate. In order to quantify the …
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Dispersion and Sedimentation Characteristics of Red Mud. Shamshad Alam 1, Bijaya Kumar Das 2, Sarat Kumar Das 1 • Institutions (2) 30 Sep 2018 - Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste (American Society of Civil Engineers) - Vol. 22, Iss: 4, pp 04018025. TL;DR: In this article, a large volume of red mud in slurry form is …
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Red mud is a by-product of alumina extraction from bauxite ore. It contains high quantities of alkali, minerals, and metal ions, which are typically pumped as thick …
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Red mud residue from alumina production has been proposed as an alternative liner material. The chemical and environmental compatibility of red mud upon exposure to representative organic (methanol, heptane, TCE, and acetic acid) and inorganic liquids (CaCl2 and seawater) was studied. Chemical compatibility assays …
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About 120 million tons of red mud is produced worldwide each year. Due to its high basicity and potential leaching, its storage is a critical environmental problem. This material is typically stored in dams, which demands prior care of the disposal area and includes monitoring and maintenance throughout its useful life. Consequently, it is crucial …
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The results show that the red-mud precipitation velocity during the experiment with the emulsion flocculants is several time higher than the precipitation velocity obtained with synthetic flocculants.
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Bayer Process-derived red mud produced in China can be classified into three types according to chemical composition: high-iron diaspore red mud, low-iron diaspore red mud, and gibbsite red mud. The specific chemical and mineral compositions of three such typical Bayer-derived red mud samples have been characterized by XRF, …
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Red mud is a mineral residue resulting from the caustic digestion of bauxite ore in the Bayer process to produce alumina. Research shows that the chemical and …
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Iron and aluminum in red mud were recovered by a reductive sintering–magnetic separation–digesting process. The raw materials were composed of ordinary Bayer red mud, MgO, Na 2 CO 3 and C, in which MgO and Na 2 CO 3 were used as mineralizing agents, and C as a reductive agent. Sintering orthogonal experiments …
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suspension bed heights for an Australian alumina plant (red mud) slurry ... Kynch, G.J. (1952) A theory of sedimentation Transactions of the Faraday Society 48, pp. 166-176.
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The paper evaluates the behavior of a red-mud solid fraction in a thickener feeder cup, aiming to identify the main characteristics of particle distribution in the flocculation zone and to determine the dependencies affecting the further process taking place in the particle-free sedimentation zone in the thickener-thickening unit. This work …
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Characteristics of red mud. RM usually appears gray white to red depending on the amount of iron oxide. The density, bulk density, and melting point of RM are within the range of 2700–2900 kg/m 3, 800–1000 kg/m 3, and 1200–1500 °C respectively. The pH value of RM usually ranges from 10 to 12.5, which is strongly alkaline.
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Bauxite residue or red mud is the iron-oxide rich waste produced when bauxite ore is processed by the Bayer's process to extract aluminum. Red mud …
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In this review, an extensive list of red‐mud‐based adsorbents has been compiled and their adsorption capacities (maximum uptake value of the adsorbent for the …
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In this paper characterization of red mud as a controlled low strength material (CLSM) is discussed with red mud as a base material and crusher dust or …
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The red mud samples used for the study were collected from the red mud pond of NALCO, Damanjodi, India. The physical properties of the waste were determined as per ASTM standards. The specific gravity was measured as 3.05, and the gradational characteristics show that the material is dominated with silt fraction (i.e. 72%), followed by …
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From the consistency limits and gradational characteristic properties, the red mud is classified as silt of low plasticity, ML, soil. The other properties show that the red mud waste has high pH ranging from 10.7 to 11.5, high specific surface area ranging from 41.6 to 47.2 m 2 /g, low pore volume and high pore radius.
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