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Claus Reactors contain Alumina and/or Titania catalyst that must be protected from Claus contaminants/poisons, thermal shock (sulfur fires), amine, condensed water, liquid sulfur, and soot. Claus catalyst can be …
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8.13.1 General1-2 . Sulfur recovery refers to the conversion of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to elemental sulfur. Hydrogen sulfide is a byproduct of processing natural gas and refining high-sulfur crude oils. The most common conversion method used is the Claus process. Approximately 90 to 95 percent of recovered sulfur is produced by the Claus process.
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BASF DD-431 is perfect for use in sulfur recovery processes operated near or below the sulfur dew point. The third reactor of a Claus unit can be operated closer to the sulfur dewpoint to enhance sulfur recovery. Storage. Store BASF DD431 activated alumina in a dry location to prevent premature water adsorption.
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The most extended way of treating gas streams with high H 2 S gas contents is to produce sulfur, through the well-known Claus process or sulfur recovery units [5, 6]. About half of the H 2 S ...
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Claus processing (within gasification & sour natural gas plants). As well as sulfur recovery from acid gases rich in H₂S content (as is usual in refineries), Claus processing is also used in industries where the gaseous feed is characterised by a lower H₂S concentration. Ranging from 20 to 60 vol-percent, such lean acid gas mainly
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Each new or existing sulfur recovery unit (Claus or other type, regardless of size) not subject to the NSPS for sulfur oxides in 40 CFR 60.104(a)(2) or 60.102a(f)(1) a. 250 ppmv (dry basis) of SO 2 at zero percent excess air, or concentration determined using Equation 1 of 40 CFR 60.102a(f)(1)(i), if you use an oxidation or reduction control ...
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The recovery of sulfur in a two- or three-stage conventional Claus plant is thermodynamically limited. Typical Claus plant recovery efficiencies are 90%–96% for a two-stage converter plant and 95%–98% for a three-stage reactor plant. Most Claus units are fitted with two catalytic converters (FIG. 3).
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The Claus Process. The basic Claus process for sub-stoichiometric combustion of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) to elemental sulfur follows the following reactions: Figure 1 2 shows a typical process flow scheme of a 2-stage straight-through 3 Claus sulfur recovery unit (SRU).
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A Claus tail-gas clean-up treatment is essential to give high sulfur recovery efficiency from sour acid gases. Generally, the existing tail-gas clean-up technologies can be classified into two groups: those that attain 99% overall sulfur recovery efficiency, and those that achieve 99.9% efficiency, including the sulfur recovered in the Claus unit.
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The Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) in a Petroleum Refinery is designed to remove H 2 S from sour gases originating in the various refinery processes and convert them to industrial-grade molten sulfur. The process used in the sulfur recovery units in the petroleum oil refineries is known as the "Claus Process", which removes 95-99.9 % of …
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The Claus process is highly efficient in recovering elemental sulphur from hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) gas streams and is employed in the sulphur recovery units of refineries, natural gas processing plants and other …
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Claus plant. To achieve 99 percent sulphur recovery, the tail gas from the second Claus bed is fed directly to the reactor bed containing the direct oxidation catalyst. To achieve 99.5 percent sulphur recovery, the process includes a hydrogenation reactor upstream of the direct oxidation bed to convert all remaining sulphur species to H
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Altogether, this process series approach can achieve a typical overall sulfur recovery of 99.8%. Sulfuric acid synthesis is an alternative to sulfur recovery via the Claus process. This may be preferred if the plant is located close to a sizeable market for sulfuric acid.
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The Claus process was first patented in 1883 by the German chemist Carl Friedrich Claus. His discovery, the Claus Reaction, is the basis for what has become the industry standard for sulfur recovery. ... Tail Gas, or SRU Tail Gas, is the final gas stream leaving a Sulfur Recovery Unit after most of the Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) has been removed ...
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Sulfur recovery refers to the conversion of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to elemental sulfur. Hydrogen sulfide is a by-product of processing natural gas and refining high-sulfur crude oils. There are many sulfur recovery technologies available for different applications, however the most common conversion method used is the Claus process.
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The reduction of carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfur vapor in Claus tail gas to hydrogen sulfide is necessary when sulfur recovery of 99.9+% is required. Usually, the sulfur recovery level is set by the allowable emissions of sulfur from the tail-gas incinerator.
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Sulphur recovery efficiencies of over 99.9% are being specified on some projects. ... The catalytic reactor in a sulphur recovery unit facilitates the Claus reaction, converting sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide into elemental sulphur. It contains catalyst material, such as alumina or titania, that enhances the reaction kinetics. ...
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Sulfur recovery from sour or acid gas typically involves application of the famous Claus process[1] using the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide (produced in the Claus process furnace from the combu stion of H 2S with air and/or oxygen) yielding elemental sulfur and water vapor: 2H 2S(g) + SO 2(g) (3/n) S
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There are over 250 Claus sulfur plants operating in petroleum refineries and onshore natural gas processing facilities. 2.2 PROCESS DESCRIPTION Hydrogen sulfide occurs naturally in crude oil and natural gas. It is removed and converted to elemental sulfur by the Claus process. Figure 2.2-1 shows a typical Claus sulfur recovery unit.
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Figure 10.5 shows the principal reactions in the Modified Claus Process in the burner and converter-reactor sections. In the burner, H 2 S is partially oxidized to produce H 2 O and SO 2.In the reactor converter, the burner product SO 2 reacts with the remaining H2S to produce elemental sulfur (the intended product in the sulfur recovery process) along …
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Researchers worked on the sulfur recovery Claus process to enhance the sulfur recovery level from the natural refinery [6]. They worked on the reaction mechanism occurring in sulfur recovery units, the reaction between H2S, SO2, and CO2, and side reactions, such as hydrolysis of COS and CS2, and sulfation of catalyst [7–9].
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The Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) is based on the modified Claus Process, which is a two-step reaction scheme overall. A portion of the total H2S is burned in the Reaction Furnace to form SO2. Then, the H2S and SO2 react, at an optimal 2:1 ratio, to form elemental Sulfur (Sx) across the Claus Reactors.
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The Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) is based on the modified Claus Process, which is a two-step reaction scheme overall. A portion of the total H2S is burned in the Reaction Furnace to form SO2. Then, the H2S and SO2 …
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The economical reasons are the increased size of SRU equipment and the additional SRU equipment that may be needed to compensate for the loss in sulphur recovery. NH3 destruction in a SRU In a Claus SRU, about a third of the H2S is burned to SO2 using air. The produced SO2 then reacts with uncombusted H2S to form elemental sulphur.
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The Claus sulfur recovery unit (SRU) and tail gas treating unit (TGTU) require a suite of process gas analyzers to ensure safe operation, high efficiency, and meet environmental regulations. The development of sulfur recovery processes for oil refining, gas processing and coke oven plants began as a need to meet environmental regulations and ...
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Sulfur recovery refers to the conversion of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to elemental sulfur. Hydrogen sulfide is a byproduct of processing natural gas and refining high-sulfur crude oils. The most common conversion method used is the Claus process. Approximately 90 to 95 percent of recovered sulfur is produced by the Claus process.
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Claus plants play a key role in refinery productivity. They process concentrated hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) fractions, converting them into sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and ultimately elemental sulfur They can also remove pollutants, particularly those caused by decomposing ammonia. Today, many refinery operators are challenged to manage rising H 2 S ...
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The Claus process is highly efficient in recovering elemental sulphur from hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) gas streams and is employed in the sulphur recovery units of refineries, natural gas processing plants and other facilities where H 2 S gas is present. The Claus process is crucial for reducing sulphur emissions, maintaining environmental …
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The Claus sulfur recovery process is a process to recover sulfur from the H 2 S-containing gas produced during the desulfurization process. It realizes the recovery of sulfur products and chemical raw materials in other industries while obtaining good economic benefits. The Claus sulphur recovery process solves the problem of industrial …
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Claus sulfur recovery process is shown in Fig. 3. Acid gas . Air . Burner Furnace Boiler Condenser . Liquid . sulfur . Re-heater Catalyst Condenser Tail . gas . T [K] Liquid . sulfur. 300 K . 1500 K .
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