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Gold ores are classified "free-milling" and "refractory" based on their response to cyanide dissolution. Bioprocessing can be used to treat refractory gold-bearing sulfide ores as well as carbonaceous gold ores. It is essential to characterize different types of gold ores to understand the extent and nature of gold-entrapment in different associated mineral …
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Refractory gold reserves, which require more sophisticated treatment methods in order to achieve oxide-ore recovery rates, correspond to 24 percent of current gold reserves and 22 percent of gold resources worldwide (Exhibit 1).
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The extraction of gold from refractory gold ores (RGOs) without side reactions is an extremely promising endeavor. However, most RGOs contain large amounts of sulfide, such as pyrite. Thus, investigation of the influence of sulfide on the gold leaching process is important to maximize the utilization of RGOs. In this work, the effects of pyrite …
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During roasting, refractory gold ore is treated with extremely hot air. This causes the sulfites to oxidize, separate from the ore, and become sulfur dioxide. Once all of the sulfides are oxidized, the remaining gold ore can be processed normally. The roasting method has been around for hundreds of years. Prior to the 20th century, the process ...
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fine particles of gold encapsulated in the ore host [2, 3]. In certain ores, extraction rates. ... releasing refractory gold from pyrite and arsenical concentrates before cyanidation [11, 14].
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In refractory ore the gold is locked in sulphide minerals, so to achieve satisfactory levels of gold recovery additional processing is required before cyanidation. Sulphide minerals in refractory ores are converted to oxides by either roasting or biological leaching to release the gold. In biological leaching the oxidation is caused by the ...
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Pore Evolution in Refractory Gold Ore Formed by Oxidation Roasting and the Effect on the Cyanide Leaching Process | ACS Omega. ACS Publications. C&EN.
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Keywords: thiourea leaching; stability; pyrite; refractory gold ores 1. Introduction Gold has a widespread influence on the economy, techno-logy, and traditional values, and the industrial demand for gold in electronic products, such as phones, computers, and printed circuit boards, has steadily increased [1–2].
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Refractory gold ore is usually affected by the associated carbonaceous matter through the preg-robbing effect, which is eliminated by oxidation roasting, followed by leaching, to achieve a satisfactory gold …
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There are, as Fig. 1 indicates, 11 gold ore types. Refractory deposits, as well as low-grade and more complex deposits, are challenging to work. Refractory character is determined by the gold's ultra-fine occlusion inside sulfide minerals, particularly pyrite and arsenopyrite. It is common to distinguish free milling from refractory on the ...
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Abstract: Carbon–arsenic-bearing gold ore is a typical complex refractory gold resource. Tradition-ally, xanthate was often used as a flotation agent to separate gold minerals. But, in this paper, in order to reduce the cost of the agent, kerosene wa s used as an auxiliary collector, and the gold grade
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The refractory ore from the Mulatos Mine in Sonora contains a considerable amount of gold, which is occluded by pyrite matrix. ... (1989) Mineralogical characteristics and treatment of refractory gold ores. Miner Eng 4:449–457. Article Google Scholar Guzman L, Segarra M, Chimenos JM, Cabot PL, Espiell F (1999) Electrochemistry of …
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Res. Express 10.1088/2053-1591/aae196. This study investigates the alkaline oxidation pretreatment process of Zarshuran refractory gold ore. Taguchi method-orthogonal array design (OAD) is applied to evaluate and optimize the influence of five main factors including solution pH, aeration rate, agitation speed, temperature, and oxidation …
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Additionally, refractory sulfide gold ore constitutes a significant portion of refractory gold ores, with gold mainly encapsulated by arsenopyrite and pyrite (FeAsS and FeS 2) in microscopic or sub-microscopic form (Wang et al., 2020). The dense microstructure of sulfide inclusions causes difficulty to expose the encapsulated gold by …
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Mining trends in the gold sector indicate a growing imbalance in global supply and demand chains, especially in light of accelerated efforts towards industrial electrification and automation. As such, it is important that research and development continue to focus on processing options for more complex and refractory ores. Unlike conventional (i.e., free …
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refractory carbonaceous sulfide ore is at Barrick's Goldstrike Mine where gold occurs in pyrite in refractory sulfide ore and double-refractory sulfidic/ carbonaceous ore. These ores are pretreated by autoclave and roaster prior to cyanide leaching (Thomas et al., 2000; Wickens et al., 2003). In the Jinya Carlin-type gold deposit in China, gold
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Gold ore from Goldstrike, NV, is a typical refractory gold ore containing sulfide and carbonaceous matter. Alkaline pressure oxidation followed by thiosulfate gold …
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Carbon–arsenic-bearing gold ore is a typical complex refractory gold resource. Traditionally, xanthate was often used as a flotation agent to separate gold minerals. But, in this paper, in order to reduce the cost of the agent, kerosene was used as an auxiliary collector, and the gold grade and recovery rate were increased by about 10 …
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Determining the form and distribution of gold in refractory ores has been technically challenging because the analytical volume of many quantitative approaches is far ... 28.675°E; Fig. 1) is a representative gold ore from east-west–trending orebodies (dipping 45–70°S; Zhang et al., 2020). The sample is a mineralized slate with a ...
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The utilization of a pressure-oxidation circuit to treat refractory gold ores or concentrates is a complex decision, taking into consideration capital costs, operating costs, gold recovery and environmental impacts. Table 7, Table 8, Table 9 highlight the interacting variables, based on Goldstrike refractory ore at 1,360 t/d throughput.
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WebBasically, refractory gold ores (gold recovery efficiency of <50% in average using direct cyanidation) are classified into sulfide, tellurium and carbon ores. …
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telluride. The main reason for refractory gold mines is that gold is wrapped in sulfide ores or the leached gold is adsorbed by organic carbon and other substances in these minerals, resulting in a "gold robbing" phenomenon, which affects the recycling of gold [8–14]. So arsenic-carbon-containing gold sulfide ore is one of the most ...
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A low-grade sample of a double refractory gold ore was obtained from Barrick Gold Strike. Two kilograms of the ore was mixed with 850 ml of tap water and ground for an hour in a mild steel rod mill with stainless steel rods (23 rods with a mass of 16.4 kg) to achieve 95% −75 μm (80% passing size, P 80, 42 μm).
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A "refractory" gold ore is an ore that has ultra-fine gold particles disseminated throughout its gold occluded minerals. These ores are naturally resistant …
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Gold has excellent physical and chemical properties, and is one of the most important noble metals. The current rapid decline in high-grade gold ores and readily available low-grade gold ores has made the mineral processing industry increasingly reliant on complex and refractory gold ores [1,2].Consequently, mineral processing challenges …
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Problems related to the effective processing of refractory gold ores containing carbon and arsenic are discussed. In the search for technologies for the extraction of gold from such ores, including those obtained from the Sayak-4 gold deposit, pyrometallurgical processing represents a possible direction. The results of an …
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Each refractory gold ore has distinctive mineralogical characteristics, which presents unique challenges during metallurgical processing. This applies to …
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III. Classification of refractory ores. 1. Carbonaceous gold ore. There is organic carbon which can do'Rob gold'in gold and silver ore, and it causes that gold is adsorbed in the cyanide ...
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Hypochlorite leaching system is a strong oxidizing solution for metal sulfides, which are naturally associated with gold extraction. This study evaluated the hypochlorite leaching of refractory gold ore by using the response surface method–central composite design (RSM-CCD) as a statistical approach in determining the optimum condition of …
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The refractory gold ore samples were obtained from Yun-nan province in china. The material composition of the ore sample was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ()h chemical analysis and X-ray diffrac-tion ()analysis, the ore mainly contains % SiO 2, % FeS 2,
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